Phulbari Coal Resource 572 Million Tonne
Coal resource at Phulbari basin has been calculated to 572 million tonnes in accordance with internationally recognized Australia’s Joint Ore Reserve Committee (JORC) code. Five coal seams were identified Top, Upper, Main, Lower and Base. The most significant are the Upper and Main Seams, which account for about 90% of the resource. The total coal thickness within the planned mining area varies between 15-70 meters in some 150-270 meters beneath the surface.
The overburden contains potentially valuable co-products, including high grade silica sand, kaolin clay, aggregates, construction sand.
The estimated in-situ coal resource
(In accordance with the JORC Code)
The Phulbari coal deposit comprises a number of thick seams, with the Upper and Main seams being of similar quality. The ‘Upper’ and ‘Main’ seams are the main economic coal horizons in the Project area and account for about 90% of the resource. The Deposit comprises a high volatile, bituminous type coal. Ash content is generally uniform throughout the ‘Upper’ and ‘Main’ seams. The sulphur content is usually below one percent.
Average coal quality (% air dried):
Phulbari Coal: Comparable to High-Quality Premium Coal
Phulbari coal processing will yield high-quality thermal coal (CV 6,930 kcal/kg Gross), comparable to premium quality thermal coal traded internationally and high value semi-soft coking coal used in steel industry.
Table 1: Phulbari High-Quality Thermal Coal (HTC) – Hunter Valley HTC
Table 2: Phulbari Low Ash Metallurgical (LAMC) – Hunter Valley Semi Soft Coking Coal (SSCC)
Estimated In-Situ Coal Resource (JORC Code)
| Category | Tonnes (millions) |
|---|---|
| Measured | 288 |
| Indicated | 244 |
| Inferred | 40 |
| Total | 572 |
Average Coal Quality (% air dried)
| Category | Tonnes (millions) |
|---|---|
| Ash | 15-19 |
| Moisture | 2.7 |
| Fixed carbon | 53-57 |
| Sulphur | <1 |
| Average gross calorific value | 6604 kcal/kg |
Phulbari High-Quality Thermal Coal (HTC) vs Benchmark
| Typical Specification (Air Dried, unless stated) |
Market Preference (Bituminous Coal) |
Phulbari HTC | Hunter Valley HTC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specific Energy, Gross Kcal/kg | >6300 | 6930 | 6800 |
| Total Moisture (% as received) | <15.0 | 8.5 | 9.0 |
| Proximate Analysis: Moisture (%) Ash (%) Volatiles (%) Fixed Carbon (%) |
<5.0 <16.0 <38.0 >45.0 |
2.4 12.0 31.4 54.2 |
2.5 13.5 33.5 50.5 |
| Sulphur (%) | <1.0 | 0.80 | 0.55 |
| HGI | >40 | 43 | 50 |
| Ash Fusion Temp – Initial Def (0C) | >1200 | >1600 | >1500 |
| Ash slagging and fouling propensity | Low as possible | low | low |
Phulbari Semi-Soft Coking Coal (LAMC) vs Benchmark
| Typical Specification (Air Dried, unless stated) |
Market Preference | Phulbari LAMC | Hunter Valley SSCC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Moisture (% as received) | <12.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 |
| Proximate Analysis: Moisture (%) Ash (%) Volatiles (%) Fixed Carbon (%) |
<4.0 <11.0 <36.0 >50.0 |
2.8 6.8 33.7 56.7 |
2.5 9.5 33.8 54.2 |
| Sulphur (%) | <1.0 | 0.75 | 0.55 |
| Specific Energy, Gross Kcal/kg | >6800 | 7420 | 7200 |
| Chlorine (%) | >0.1 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Phosphorus (%) | >0.06 | 0.035 | 0.015 |
| HGI | >40 | 45 | 52 |
| Coking Properties – CSN | >3 | 3.5 | 5 |
| Petrographic Properties Macerals – Vitrinite (% mineral free) – Liptinite (% mineral free) Rv, Max (%) |
High as possible High if vitrinite low >0.70 |
54 9 0.82 |
68 4 0.72 |